Validez en EE.UU. de matrimonio celebrado en otro país

Estados Unidos reconoce como và ¡lidos los matrimonios celebrados en otros paà ­ses siempre y cuando cumplan todos los requisitos exigidos por la ley que aplica en el lugar de la boda. Esto aplica tanto a matrimonios entre una mujer y un varà ³n como a la unià ³n entre dos personas del mismo sexo. Como consecuencia de este reconocimiento de la validez del matrimonio celebrado fuera de EE.UU. se derivan dos efectos. En primer lugar, si una persona que se casà ³ en otro paà ­s desea contraer un nuevo matrimonio deberà ¡ ser viuda, anular su divorcio o proceder a divorciarse, lo cual puede hacer aà ºn cuando no tenga nacionalidad estadounidense y matrimonio se hubiera celebrado en otro paà ­s. En segundo lugar, por matrimonio como ciudadano estadounidense o residente permanente legal es posible emigrar a los Estados Unidos sacando una tarjeta de residencia conocida como green card si cumple con todos los requisitos que exige la ley migratoria. Puntos clave: validez en EE.UU. de matrimonio celebrado en otro paà ­s Si el matrimonio es và ¡lido segà ºn la ley del paà ­s en el que se celebra, es và ¡lido en EE.UU.Los oficiales consulares de EE.UU. no celebran matrimonios.El matrimonio con ciudadano o residente, por sà ­ mismo, no da derecho a emigrar a EE.UU.Para emigrar a EE.UU. por matrimonio, el ciudadano o residente debe pedir a su cà ³nyuge Respeto por las leyes locales que regulan el matrimonio Para que Inmigracià ³n de Estados Unidos reconozca como và ¡lido a un matrimonio celebrado en el extranjero, à ©ste debe ajustarse a la ley local del lugar en el que la pareja se casà ³. Hay que tener en cuenta que en algunos paà ­ses se exige a los dos novios tener la residencia allà ­ para poder casarse. Ademà ¡s, si uno de los contrayentes es menor de edad se va a pedir algà ºn tipo de autorizacià ³n de los padres o tutores. Incluso en algunos paà ­ses se exigen determinados anà ¡lisis de sangre, requisito que hay que cumplir si es que asà ­ se pide legalmente. Ya que para que EE.UU. reconozca como matrimonio và ¡lido que cumpla con las leyes locales, en el caso de parejas gays es imprescindible celebrar la boda en un estado o en un paà ­s donde es legal. Si no se hace asà ­, no tendrà ¡ efectos migratorios. En otras palabras, el ciudadano o residente no podrà ¡ pedir los papeles para su cà ³nyuge, porque EE.UU. considera que no està ¡n casados legalmente. Problemas del matrimonio por poderes para Inmigracià ³n Si la intencià ³n es pedir la tarjeta de residencia permanente para el cà ³nyuge extranjero, se recomienda no casarse por poderes. Las leyes migratorias de EE.UU. exigen que el matrimonio se consume antes de aprobar cualquier peticià ³n por esta causa. Los matrimonios por poderes pueden crear la sospecha de que matrimonio no se ha consumado o que se trata de un matrimonio de conveniencia para sacar los papeles. Documentos  para casarse fuera de EE.UU. El ciudadano estadounidense que se casa en el extranjero deberà ¡ probar quià ©n es mediante  una identificacià ³n con foto, generalmente el pasaporte americano vigente. Ademà ¡s es normal que se pida documentacià ³n adicional, como copia de la partida o certificado de nacimiento. Si el contrayente ha estado casado previamente  deberà ¡ presentar la sentencia del divorcio o la nulidad o el certificado de viudedad. Hay que tener en cuenta que posiblemente se pida que estos documentos sean traducidos al idioma del paà ­s en el que tendrà ¡ lugar la ceremonia. Por otra parte una vez celebrado el matrimonio fuera de los Estados Unidos serà ¡ necesario traducir al inglà ©s el certificado de matrimonio para su uso migratorio. La  traduccià ³n puede hacerla cualquier persona con un conocimiento fluido del inglà ©s y del otro idioma y se necesita certificar la traduccià ³n, lo cual puede hacerse siguiendo un modelo de carta. Autentificacià ³n de documentos de matrimonios celebrados en el extranjero Dependiendo del uso que se quiera dar dentro de Estados Unidos al certificado de matrimonio de celebrado en otro paà ­s es posible que se necesite una autentificacià ³n, que puede ser de dos tipos. En primer lugar, un sello que se conoce como  apostilla de la Haya. La mayorà ­a de los paà ­ses de habla hispana forman parte del Convenio de la Haya y ese sello es el que se necesita para legalizar el certificado de matrimonio que se desea utilizar en Estados Unidos. En segundo lugar, para los paà ­ses que no forman parte de este convenio serà ¡ necesario obtener una certificacià ³n de legalidad. Cabe destacar que, para trà ¡mites con el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), por regla general es suficiente una traduccià ³n certificada y no se exige la apostilla de la Haya.  ¿Bodas en embajadas y consulados  de EE.UU.? Ni los cà ³nsules ni ningà ºn oficial de las oficinas diplomà ¡ticas de los Estados Unidos està ¡ autorizado para celebrar bodas en el extranjero. Por ello, sà ³lo en casos muy excepcionales es posible que un matrimonio tenga lugar en el edificio de una embajada o un consulado. Sin embargo, en algunos casos los consulados sà ­ que prestan un servicio necesario cuando algunos paà ­ses se exige por parte del contrayente extranjero una declaracià ³n jurada de que tiene la capacidad legal para contraer matrimonio. Este tipo de declaraciones se pueden prestar ante un oficial consular americano que tienen poder para actuar como notarios pà ºblicos en el extranjero. Traer al cà ³nyuge extranjero a vivir a Estados Unidos El matrimonio con un ciudadano americano o residente, por sà ­ solo, no da derecho a viajar a Estados Unidos ni a permanecer en el paà ­s para a vivir y trabajar. Si la intencià ³n del nuevo matrimonio es vivir en EE.UU, el cà ³nyuge estadounidense o el residente permanente debe pedir una tarjeta de residencia por matrimonio para su esposo o mujer y tambià ©n para los hijastros, si se cumplen condiciones estrictas de edad. Ademà ¡s, los ciudadanos estadounidenses –pero no los residentes– tienen la opcià ³n de solicitar una visa K-3  para su cà ³nyuge y una K-4 hijos o hijastros en vez de seguir el proceso ordinario de peticià ³n de cà ³nyuge. En realidad estas son unas visas muy poco utilizadas y solo son convenientes cuando los plazos de tramitacià ³n de la peticià ³n ordinaria de la green card para cà ³nyuge de ciudadano son muy largos. En estos casos siempre es mejor estar aconsejado por un abogado migratorio. En los casos de cà ³nyuge extranjero fuera de EE.UU. y ciudadano o residente en los EE.UU. existe la tentacià ³n de que en vez de iniciar un proceso de peticià ³n de la green card el cà ³nyuge extranjero ingrese como turista a los Estados Unidos y luego solicitar un ajuste de estatus para obtener la green card. Esa opcià ³n no es la correcta desde el punto de vista migratorio y puede dar lugar a que no se le permita el ingreso al paà ­s y se le expulse en el puesto de control migratorio o, si consigue ingresar, no se le apruebe la peticià ³n de green card. Esto es asà ­ porque se puede considerar que ingresà ³ al paà ­s en fraude de ley al utilizar un estatus de turista cuando su intencià ³n era ingresar a EE.UU. para quedarse. En estos casos la intencià ³n es fundamental y es recomendable aconsejarse con un abogado para evitar problemas con el USCIS cuando se presente la solicitud de la green card. Finalmente, cabe destacar que en los casos en los que el  ciudadano  que desea traer a vivir a Estados Unidos a su esposo extranjero puede tener problemas muy particulares si el estadounidense siempre o en los à ºltimos aà ±os ha residido fuera de los Estados Unidos. El problema es que podrà ­a ser difà ­cil probar medios econà ³micos suficientes para patrocinar, tal y como lo pide la ley. Ademà ¡s, para pedir los papeles se exige que el patrocinador resida o tenga como residencia principal los EE.UU. Condicionalidad de la green card En muchos casos, la green card que se obtiene por matrimonio con un ciudadano es condicional por dos aà ±os. Es lo que se conoce como CR-1. En estos casos se exige activamente levantar la condicionalidad.  Esto ocurre cuando la residencia se otorga antes de que la pareja lleve dos aà ±os de casados. Por el contrario, si el cà ³nyuge extranjero de un ciudadano obtiene su tarjeta de residencia despuà ©s de haber cumplido el segundo aniversario de casado su visa de inmigrante es una IR-1 y es definitiva, es decir, no necesita levantar ninguna condicionalidad. Matrimonios de conveniencia Las autoridades migratorias son conscientes de que a veces los matrimonios son una farsa y su à ºnico objetivo es obtener la green card. Cuando se llega a esa conclusià ³n puede haber consecuencias serias. Ademà ¡s, durante la tramitacià ³n de los papeles puede suceder que se lleven a cabo investigaciones para intentar determinar si el matrimonio es real y siempre existe el riesgo de una denuncia anà ³nima sobre la finalidad del matrimonio. Test de respuestas mà ºltiples Para entender la green card, cà ³mo obtenerla, obligaciones, derechos, cà ³mo conservarla y cà ³mo es posible perderla por cancelacià ³n es importante tener los conocimientos bà ¡sicos.   Este test de respuestas mà ºltiples es muy aconsejable ya que el conocimiento evita meterse en problemas de los que luego es difà ­cil salir. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Police Brutality The Land Of The Free Essay - 2132 Words

Most people think of America as â€Å"the land of the free†. From the outside it may seem like America has many freedoms. However, if those who do not live in American could see America from a different view, they may not like some of the injustices this country brings upon some of its citizens. When I think of injustices I look at it as the unfair treatment brought on to someone, who has no reason to be treated unequally. Unfair treatment in this country, mainly stems comes from the police officers that are put into power; those who are supposed to be here to help, serve and protect are those who most of us are afraid of today. Most citizens want to view law enforcement as courageous, fearless, respectable, and honest individuals. Unfortunately, for a countless number of officers this does not hold true; because there are many officers that tend to destroy this concept with their reckless behavior. 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Eagle Valley Business Report

Question: Discuss about the Eagle Valley Business Report. Answer: Introduction Business sustainability is the application of knowledge, tools, skills and techniques into an organizations activities, products or services with an aim of achieving its objectives, goals, vision and mission (Patel and Rayner, 2012). A sustainable business one that has limited implications on the economy, environment and the surrounding community while an unsustainable business is one that has enormous negative implication to the economy, environment and the community(Macagno, 2013). Most businesses have the hope of becoming sustainable one day one time but the challenges that are involved are too many for them to bare. E.g. of challenges are: lack of enough finances, scarcity of resources, a lot of business regulations, inflation, economic status stress to name just but a few(Capra and Pauli, 1995). According to the information in the case study, Eagle Valley Limited seems to be facing some of these problems that face that involved with an unsustainable business. The business has a limited budget, makes small profit currently and operates from a very old premises that has never been renovated. All these characteristics shows that the company has not been in a good financial position for a while. In addition to that, its health bar production consumes a lot of water which is not available at the moment because of the increased cost. Therefore, these factors categorize Eagle Valley limited as an unsustainable business. However, the CEO of the business has made the decision give the business a chance to improve before its too late. He believes that better sustainability profile will not only improve the companys reputation but also solve the finance problem in the long run. Findings and Discussions The CEO of Eagle Valley Limited has realized that what the business needs is a corporate sustainability advice so that he can be able to improve his company. Generally, corporate sustainability can take advantage of a businesss sustainable profit chances with an aim of protecting the business against some problems like increased energy costs, cost of meeting regulatory policy requirements, volatile resource prices and perception of the consumers towards their products or services(Melewar, Gupta and Czinkota, 2013). However, Eagle Limited has a chance for improvement and can therefore use the following corporate strategies to improve itself: Business Collaboration This strategy involves the formation of partnership with other related or similar companies by coming together with a common objective (Gray, 2006). Eagle Limited has got a problem of resources like water, electricity and building. They claim is that the water and electricity bills have increased making it difficult to pay and the building in which operations are done is very old and probably does not have the modern required technology to produce their products. Furthermore, the business is operating on one building i.e. the offices and the factory in one building which makes it unconducive for production and management too. However, if Eagle Limited decides to form a network with a similar company, then they will be able to share facilities, resources, knowledge, equipment, machines among other things. By doing this, both businesses will be in a position to be more innovative and hence improvement. Business Sustainability Reporting This strategy deals with frequent and periodic business performance reporting to ensure that it is still in relation with the goals and objectives (Seow and Hillary, 2006). The CEO of Eagle Limited wants to better the financial position of the business and improve the companys profile which makes them objectives. Therefore, for him to achieve these objectives, he has to ensure that the performance of the business is updated and in line with this objectives. In addition, he has to ensure that these objective are in relation to the mission and vision of the company. This will help him focus on one direction and work towards achieving a certain thing. Mitigate and Adapt to Climate change Climate change impacts is a widely experienced problem especially to businesses like agri-food and tourism. However, Eagle Limited also experiences this challenge whereby when its winter there is a lot of cold and during summer there is a lot of heat. This is so because of the building material which is affected by both cold and heat. Therefore, the business has to either overcome the challenge or shift its location to a better building whose building material suits them better. Communicate Sustainability Goals Throughout the Business. According to the case study, the idea of sustainability comes from the CEO only and he intends to do it on his own. On the contrary, for a business to be sustainable there should be clear communication and good relationship between the employee and the decision makers. Therefore, for the CEO to achieve these objectives he has set, he should for help, ideas and views from his employees, besides they are the main workers and operators in the business. Production of Healthier Bars The consumers of its products have started watching their health issues therefore reducing their purchases. This has led to decrease in profits for Eagle Limited because its sales decline too. This means that the bars that they produce contain a lot of sugar or has many negative side effects to a persons health. Therefore, the business should change their production inputs into natural ones or healthier ones so that they can be able to produce bars that improve the health of the consumer. Conclusion and Recommendation Eagle Limited has a chance to improve itself but still has got a long way to go. First of all it has to focus on solving its internal problems and later solve that are caused by the environment. E.g. it seems that Eagles main problem is caused by lack of enough finances. Therefore if it concentrates on making its financial position better, then it will have solved most of the issues hindering from becoming sustainable. I would recommend Eagle to take heed of my findings and try to implement the strategies I have discussed. They will be of great help to them. References Capra, F. and Pauli, G. (1995).Steering business toward sustainability. Tokyo: United Nations University Press. Gray, R. (2006). Does sustainability reporting improve corporate behavior?: Wrong question? Right time?.Accounting and Business Research, 36(sup1), pp.65-88. Macagno, T. (2013). A Model for Managing Corporate Sustainability.Business and Society Review, 118(2), pp.223-252. Macagno, T. (2013). A Model for Managing Corporate Sustainability.Business and Society Review, 118(2), pp.223-252. Melewar, T., Gupta, S. and Czinkota, M. (2013). Global business management for sustainability and competitiveness: The role of corporate branding, corporate identity and corporate reputation.Journal of World Business, 48(3), pp.285-286. Patel, T. and Rayner, S. (2012). A Transactional Culture Analysis of Corporate Sustainability Reporting Practices: Six Examples from India.Business Society, 54(3), pp.283-321. Peddada, K. (2015). Globally Competitive Corporate Governance: Solutions For Indian Corporate Sustainability.jadbm, 1(2), pp.68-75. Seow, C. and Hillary, R. (2006).Managing business processes for corporate sustainability. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Special Issue on Managing business processes for corporate sustainability. (2002).Business Process Mgmt Journal, 8(5). Watson, M. (2011). Doing Well by Doing Good: Ray C. Anderson as Evangelist for Corporate Sustainability.Business Communication Quarterly, 74(1), pp.63-67.